Citation Information :
Is there a Need for “Comfortable Treatment Options” as an Alternative to “Community Treatment Order” in the Light of MHCA–2017?. Ind J Priv Psychiatry 2020; 14 (2):45-46.
There is a need for introducing community treatment order (CTO) like legal measures by amendments in Mental healthcare Act (MHCA), 2017. In the future, there would be a need for well-designed studies of patients with severe mental illness with CTO options that look into outcome parameters like illness control, functionality, violence, self-harm, suicide, criminality, legal issue, and disability-adjusted life years. In addition, studies on caregivers’ perspective and their quality of life, economics, and rehospitalization would shed more light on the utility of CTO in India. Envisioning similar provisions of leave of absence as a prerequisite to symptomatic person with mental illness who do not want to get admitted can be pathbreaking.
Ministry of Law and Justice Department, (Legislative). The Mental Healthcare Act, 2017. 2017. (Dl). p. 1–51.2.
Geller JL. The last half-century of psychiatric services as reflected in psychiatric services. Psychiatr Serv 2000;51(1):41–67. DOI: 10.1176/ps.51.1.41.
Mill JS. Utilitarianism and on liberty: including “Essay on Bentham” and selections from the writings of Jeremy Bentham and John Austin: Second Edition. vol. 1900. Blackwell Publishing; 2003.
Bremer J, Lubit R, Orr R. Psychiatrist's role in involuntary hospitalization. Virtual Mentor 2003;5(10):308–313. DOI: 10.1001/virtualmentor.2003.5.10.ccas2-0310.
Beauchamp JF, Childress TL. Principles of biomedical ethics. Oxford University Press; 2001. p. 189–258.
Hiday VA. Outpatient commitment: the state of empirical research on its outcomes. Psychol Public Policy Law 2003;9(1–2):8–32. DOI: 10.1037/1076-8971.9.1-2.8.
McCafferty G, Dooley J. Involuntary outpatient commitment: an update. Mental and Physical Disability Law Reporter. 1990 May 1;14(3):277-87.
Swayze S v. Swayze S. SCR 722. The Supreme Court of Canada; 2003.9.
Steadman HJ, Gounis K, Dennis D, et al. Assessing the New York City involuntary outpatient commitment pilot program. Psychiatr Serv 2001;52(3):330–336. DOI: 10.1176/appi.ps.52.3.330.
Muirhead D, Harvey C, Ingram G. Effectiveness of community treatment orders for treatment of schizophrenia with oral or depot antipsychotic medication: changes in problem behaviours and social functioning. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2006;43(11):1077–1083. DOI: 10.3109/00048670903179103.
Swanson JW, Swartz MS, Borum R, et al. Involuntary out-patient commitment and reduction of violent behaviour in persons with severe mental illness. Br J Psychiatry 2000;176:324–331. DOI: 10.1192/bjp.176.4.324.
Eriksson KI, Westrin CG. Coercive measures in psychiatric care. Reports and reactions of patients and other people involved. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1995;92(3):225–230. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1995.tb09573.x.
